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June 2023
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LandscapingPlantingTips

Fermented pine bark

Using pine bark as raw material, it is refined through the processes of collection, crushing, degreasing, grading, drying, and impurity removal. The capacity is close to that of peat. Compared with peat, the cation exchange capacity and water holding capacity are lower, but the ratio of carbon to nitrogen is higher. It is a better medium material.

The natural characteristics of pine bark – higher organic content; in suitable chemical composition, stable ph and lower ec content, higher n, p, k, ca, mg; stable physical properties, decomposition Uniform and slow, to achieve the effect of long-term fertilization; good air permeability and the effect of controlling air and moisture. The pine bark has a wide range of application space in flower cultivation, crop planting and other fields

Fresh pine scale medium is a superior natural medium, which can be directly used as the upper basin medium of the container. In the process of use, it has good water retention, fertilizer retention, water permeability and air permeability. The pine bark medium is suitable for various orchids such as Phalaenopsis, Cymbidium, Dendrobium officinale and Dendrobium spring. Soak in water for a week for better results.

No. 0 (5-30cm)
No. 1 (5-8cm)
No. 2 (3-5cm)
No. 3 (18-35mm)
No. 4 (12-18mm)
No. 5 (9-12mm)
No. 6 (6-9mm)
No. 7 (3-6mm)

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Clover Industrial2023-06-230 Comments
Landscaping

Landscaping organic pine bark mulch

Organic mulch is a new type of urban greening surface covering material that has developed rapidly at home and abroad in recent years. It is used in garden landscape, public greening, horticulture, planting, trails and playground floors. Organic mulch products can improve ecology and protect soil. Beautify the environment, promote the growth and health of trees, and realize the characteristics of recycling waste from agricultural and forestry processing and production.

Product Specifications:
5-10 cm, suitable for covering large areas such as tree rings, etc.
3-5 cm, suitable for shrubs, green marginal coverage, etc.
2-4 cm, suitable for covering in bushes.

Usage: Thickness 3-6 cm, spread directly.

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Clover Industrial2023-06-210 Comments
Clay pebblesConstruction

The super adaptability of building materials clay aggregate

It has been a long time since the appearance of building material clay aggregate, and now its application is very extensive. It has been proved by decades of production practice at home and abroad that according to different resource conditions in various places, clay, shale, fly ash or other solid materials can be used respectively. Waste production of clay aggregate.

According to different uses and market needs, clay aggregate products with different bulk densities and particle sizes can be produced (ultra-light clay aggregate, clay aggregate for structural insulation, clay aggregate for structure), and clay aggregate for special purposes, such as high temperature resistant clay aggregate. Granules, acid-resistant clay aggregate and flower clay aggregate, etc.

Utilizing these excellent properties of clay aggregate, it can be widely used in building materials, horticulture, food and beverage, refractory and thermal insulation materials, chemical industry, petroleum and other departments. The application fields are becoming wider and wider, and are still expanding.

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Clover Industrial2023-06-202 Comments
Clay pebblesConstruction

Construct the dream of green building, new building clay aggregate concrete attracts attention

The history of human civilization changes includes numerous changes in building materials, and every progress embodies human wisdom.

It is precisely because of people’s complex of Qin bricks, Han tiles and tiles for thousands of years that this vast land is riddled with holes, reduced cultivated land, soil erosion, and ecological environment damage. “But save a square inch of land and leave it to your descendants to cultivate.” This is a helpless cry.

We clearly see that with the rapid development of cities, various types of construction waste are also increasing, and “garbage siege” has become an unbearable burden on the development road of many cities. In order to change this situation, during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” period, the state promulgated a mandatory standard for building energy efficiency to reach 65% nationwide, but very few lightweight wall materials on the market meet this indicator.

Therefore, we took the lead in starting the resource utilization of construction waste. Scientific and technological research, departmental linkage, and pilot projects first, use urban domestic sludge and river and lake sludge, construction waste, factory pulverized coal powder and other materials to obtain a low-cost, low-density, high-strength, low thermal conductivity, and corrosion-resistant material through expansion.

Strong sludge clay aggregate is used as aggregate, and the traditional chemical foaming method is improved to a physical foaming method to develop a self-insulating masonry material for green building energy saving. The block combines the advantages of clay aggregate and reinforced foam concrete, which makes it have light density, high strength, excellent heat insulation performance, small shrinkage, low water absorption and impermeability compared with general foam concrete self-insulation blocks. Strong, good frost resistance, excellent fire resistance and durability, good sound insulation and sound absorption effect, and has good shock absorption and shock resistance.

In the production process, a fully automatic frequency conversion numerical control cutting system is used to ensure the accurate size of the product, which indirectly improves the quality of the wall, so that the wall made of this kind of clay aggregate reinforced foam concrete self-insulating block has high later strength and the same service life of the building. Significant advantages. The green building using this product has huge economic and social effects, the building load is greatly reduced compared with ordinary buildings, and there is no need for internal and external wall insulation and waterproofing, reducing thermal bridges and cold bridges. Especially suitable for use in hot summer and cold winter regions.

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Clover Industrial2023-06-190 Comments
Clay pebblesConstruction

Clay Aggregate Concrete Mixing and Construction Technology

1. Concrete mixing

(1) When mixing high-performance clay aggregate light aggregate concrete, the mixing personnel are required to feed materials strictly according to the mix ratio.

(2) Timely measure the water content of the sand, adjust the water consumption of concrete mixing, and change the slump of self-compacting concrete must be carried out by on-site technicians, and it is strictly forbidden to increase the water consumption at will;

When mixing clay aggregate concrete, the optimal watering time is also closely related to the order of feeding materials. If a self-falling mixer is used for mixing, the hopper is raised and the water is released in time when the material is just fed, so that the mixing time can be shortened, the mixing is easier, and it is easy to mix evenly. If you add water first or later, it is not easy to stir evenly. Therefore, it is very important to choose the best time to add water. Because clay aggregate has strong water absorption performance, when preparing concrete, the total amount of water added is larger than that of ordinary concrete, and the water absorption of clay aggregate for 15 minutes is generally increased.

(3) Concrete mixing time The mixing time of clay aggregate concrete should be longer than that of ordinary concrete. If a forced mixer is used for mixing, the concrete mixing time should be strictly controlled at 120~160s. If a self-falling mixer is used, the mixing time can be controlled at 160~240s to ensure that the concrete mixture is evenly mixed and the work-ability of the mixture meets the aforementioned quality requirements.

(4) Requirements for concrete mixture Control the concrete slump to (160+-20)mm. In order to ensure the pouring quality, strength and durability of concrete, it is required that the concrete mixture does not bleed and has good work-ability.

(5) Selection of clay aggregate concrete mixer Since clay aggregate is light and easy to float, it is not easy to mix evenly, so it is best to choose equipment with better mixing performance, such as forced mixer.

(6) When mixing clay aggregate concrete, there are currently two ways to add water.

a. Pre-sprinkle the clay aggregate with water until it is almost saturated, then mix the ingredients and mix, and only add the effective amount of water during the formal mixing. The advantage of this method is that the combination is relatively stable; the disadvantage is that the concrete is prepared after the clay aggregate absorbs water, and the strength of the concrete decreases. .

b. The clay aggregate in the natural dry state is directly used for batching and stirring, and the total water consumption is added to the formal stirring. The advantage of this method is that the strength of the prepared concrete is high, and the disadvantage is that the quality of the mix is not easy to stabilize.

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Clover Industrial2023-06-180 Comments
Clay pebblesWater treatment

Application of clay aggregate in Biological Aerated Filter

Since the 1980s, the biological aerated filter (BAF) has received widespread attention and has become a research hotspot at home and abroad. As a new type of high-efficiency biofilm sewage treatment technology, it has good applications in the removal of organic matter in sewage, nitrogen and phosphorus removal, and industrial wastewater treatment.

1. Biological aerated filter (BAF)
1) Biological aerated filter (BAF) – basic principle
The basic principle of BAF is to use granular fillers as the medium to achieve the purpose of removing pollutants in water through the adsorption and interception of biofilms and extracellular polymers attached to the fillers, the oxidative decomposition of microorganisms, and the hierarchical predation of food chains formed along the direction of water flow. The function of denitrification and phosphorus removal is realized by utilizing the existence of aerobic and anoxic regions in the reactor.
2) Biological aerated filter (BAF) – characteristics
BAF features: This technology has the advantages of good effluent quality, short hydraulic retention time, small footprint, low investment and operating costs, strong impact load resistance and convenient management. It is an environmentally friendly, economical, efficient and energy-saving sewage treatment. New technology, which can realize the renewable and sustainable utilization of water resources, is very suitable for the shortage of water resources, insufficient funds, and relatively backward technology in my country’s sewage treatment. We should increase research and development efforts. At the same time, you can view more technical documents on China Sewage Treatment Engineering Network.
3) Biological aerated filter (BAF) – filler
In the biological aerated filter, the filler is the core component, which is extremely important to the treatment effect and operation control of the biological aerated filter. First of all, as the carrier of microorganisms, the filler affects the growth, reproduction, shedding, shape and spatial structure of the biofilm, provides a stable environment for the microorganisms to inhabit and reproduce, and can maintain a large amount of microorganisms; secondly, the filler is the biofilm in the reactor. The place where the biofilm is in contact with the wastewater, and can have a mandatory turbulent effect on the water flow, so that the wastewater can be redistributed; in addition, the filler is used as a medium for removing suspended solids, and its filtration performance affects the biological aerated filter. removal effect.

2. Types and characteristics of biological filter materials
1) Types of biological filter materials
The fillers used in the biological aerated filter can be divided into inorganic fillers and organic polymer fillers according to the different raw materials used.
Commonly used inorganic fillers are: clay aggregate, coke, quartz sand, activated carbon, expanded aluminosilicate, etc.);
Organic polymer fillers include: polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene PE, various resins, plastics (including various foam materials), fibers
2) Characteristics of biological fillers
①Granular filler: This is the earliest filler that has been used up to now, and its material is inorganic clay aggregate or quartz sand. The main characteristics of this type of packing are rough surface, easy to attach organisms, and strong ability to intercept suspended pollutants. The disadvantage is that it has large resistance and is easy to block.
② Irregular granular packing: Raschig ring (RaschingRing) Pall ring (PallRing) in the early days, currently commonly used are Hacketten ball (Hacketten) and multi-faceted hollow ball, etc., which can be made of ceramic graphite, plastic or metal. Simple structure, low price, but uneven fluid distribution;
③Fiberglass or plastic filler: smooth surface, poor biofilm adhesion, easy to age, often prone to clogging in actual use. The water flow in the soft filler is not ideal, and it is easy to produce balls, which greatly reduces the surface area, and then produces anaerobic effect inside the balls, affecting the treatment effect;
④ Activated carbon particles: large specific surface area, many pores, but expensive, and because the surface pore size is too small, most microporous microorganisms cannot be used;
⑤Plastic fiber filler: light weight, hard, but smooth surface, small porosity, not easy to hang film; fiber filler generally has shortcomings such as easy agglomeration and difficult filling;
⑥Honeycomb or corrugated plate packing: the material is usually glass fiber reinforced plastic or plastic (polyethylene polystyrene and polypropylene, etc.), and its main advantages are high void ratio, simple structure, light weight but high strength, good anti-corrosion performance, and aging resistance. The main disadvantages such as the easy shedding of organisms are that the growth and shedding balance of organisms on the surface of the filler is not easy to control, and it is difficult to obtain a uniform flow rate spherical lightweight clay aggregate in the filler;
⑦Spherical lightweight clay aggregate: It is made of clay as raw material, adding appropriate chemical raw materials as expansion agent, and firing at high temperature. It has many advantages that other traditional fillers do not have: high strength, large porosity, large specific surface area, good chemical stability, suitable density, and strong bio-adhesion.

3.Effect of filler on the efficiency of biological aerated filter
1) Influence of filler particle size
The particle size of the filler has an important influence on the treatment efficiency and operation cycle of the biological aerated filter. The smaller the particle size of the filler, the better the treatment effect. Backwashing, and it is not easy to play the role of the deep layer of the filler. Therefore, the selection of filler for the biological aerated filter needs to consider the treatment efficiency and operation cycle of the filter at the same time, and optimize the selection according to the water quality and treatment requirements of the filter.
2) The density of the filler
The density of the biofilter filler is related to the backwash intensity of the biofilter. The greater the density, the greater the backwash intensity, and the greater the energy consumption; therefore, when selecting the biofilter filler, it is necessary to measure the various fillers. Density. Units with waste water that need to be treated can also consult companies with similar sewage treatment experience on the Sewage Bao project service platform.
3) Filling layer height
The height of the filter layer is related to the quality of the effluent. Within a certain range, increasing the height of the filter layer can improve the treatment effect of the filter and ensure the quality of the effluent, but at the same time, the increased sewage lifting head and backwashing intensity will lead to increased energy consumption.

4. A new type of filler – biological clay aggregate
1) Types of biological clay aggregate
① Spherical lightweight clay aggregate: clay (mainly composed of metaaluminosilicate) is used as the main raw material, and appropriate chemical raw materials are added as expansion agents, which are fired at high temperature. The clay aggregate is easy for microorganisms to grow, fast to form a film, and after contacting with nutrients in wastewater, it has a high transfer rate, fast adsorption and oxidation speed, and high treatment efficiency.
② Fly ash clay aggregate: Fly ash clay aggregate is generally spherical, the surface is rough and hard, and there are many micropores in the honeycomb shape. The advantages of fly ash clay aggregate and its products mainly lie in four aspects: excellent performance, good economic benefits, strong construction adaptability and wide application range.
③ Nano-modified clay aggregate: The dispersed phase of nano-powder particles has a large specific surface area and strong interface effect, and is attached to the surface of the clay aggregate filler and the surface of the internal pores to provide high roughness for the film formation and start-up of the reactor, thereby improving Bacterial proliferation rate and biofilm formation rate.
④ Korean EPP filler: The filler is made by mixing polypropylene resin powder and powdered activated carbon in a certain proportion to form a masterbatch containing activated carbon, and then extruding the masterbatch to produce expanded polypropylene filler. Because the filler contains powdered activated carbon, it has strong organic adsorption capacity and porosity suitable for microbial growth.
⑤ Sewage plant sludge and river bottom sludge filler: a new type of sludge filler prepared with sewage plant sludge or river bottom sludge as the main raw material and clay and water glass as additives. Its removal effect on ammonia nitrogen, COD, turbidity, etc. is better than ordinary clay aggregate, meets the requirements of biofilm carrier, and creates another way for sludge resource utilization.
2) Performance indicators suitable for biofilter fillers
The clay aggregate generally used in BAFs is selected based on:
①　The particle size is above 5mm (the smaller the particle size, the more clogged it will be);
②　The bulk density is generally between 500~800kg/m³ (it cannot float on the water surface and depends on the upstream velocity of BAFs);
③　The higher the water absorption, the better;
④　Have a certain compressive strength (above 2.5Mpa);
⑤　The sphericity coefficient is above 0.95;
⑥　Color is not the standard to determine the quality of clay aggregate;
⑦　The specific surface area is preferably 8.0㎡/g (the bigger the better);
⑧　The slag dropping rate is less than 0.5%;
⑨　The soluble rate of hydrochloric acid is less than 1%.

5. Biological sludge clay aggregate
my country has developed the “sludge bio-clay aggregate” production technology, and successfully prepared a new type of biological aerated filter filler – sludge bio-clay aggregate. In the research, it was found that compared with commercial clay aggregate, sludge bio-clay aggregate has the characteristics of high porosity, high specific surface area, and high efficiency of wastewater treatment. In addition, since the sludge contains a variety of trace elements, it can promote the growth of microorganisms very well, so it is easy to form a film, and has higher removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus and COD for industrial wastewater and domestic sewage.
The internal pores of sludge biological clay aggregate are extremely developed, and there are 300-600 μm large pores between the skeletons and 30-50 μm small pores inside the skeletons. The large pores between the skeletons can provide an environment for the growth of anaerobic or facultative microorganisms, and increase the specific surface area of the clay aggregate. The small pores inside the skeleton are basically not connected to the large external space, which mainly plays a role in reducing the weight of the clay aggregate. This kind of sludge biological clay aggregate further proves that it meets the requirements of BAF filler in terms of micro-structure.

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Clover Industrial2023-06-160 Comments
Clay pebblesConstruction

Light weight expanded clay aggregate.

As a new type of environmentally friendly material, clay pebbles (LECA) was mainly used in the construction industry at the beginning. It is a porous and lightweight particle formed by high temperature expansion of clay. It has a series of functions such as heat preservation, heat insulation, fire prevention, and earthquake resistance. Because of its cheap price, with good adsorption and air permeability, it is now widely used in gardening and water treatment and other related fields. It is divided into various models, not only the size of the particles, but also the natural color and color. Colored clay pebbles (LECA) is mainly used for in the decoration industry, it can also be used to fix the root system of hydroponic plants and increase the ornamental value.

clay pebbles (LECA) has the following characteristics:
clay pebbles (LECA) is a light particle after high temperature expansion. Although it contains a small amount of mineral trace elements, it does not contain organic matter and belongs to a sterile matrix. It has a light weight and a porous honeycomb structure inside, which has certain adsorption and air permeability. 80% of its uses are used in the construction industry. In the gardening field, it is generally used to cushion the bottom of flowerpots, act as paving stones, and fix the roots of hydroponic plants, or used to purify and stabilize water quality in fish tanks and aquariums. It is rarely used for soil preparation because it does not contain organic matter and is not easy to decompose. The effect of soil preparation is not as good as medical stone, vermiculite, red jade soil and other mineral particle substrates.

The main role of clay pebbles (LECA) in gardening and home furnishing:
① Act as a paving stone:
The particle size of clay pebbles (LECA) is relatively uniform, the material is light, and the price is very cheap. It can be used as a paving stone to prevent the soil from splashing around when watering, to avoid the floating of light substrates such as coconut peat and perlite, and to prevent the soil from being directly exposed to water. In the natural environment, it can also isolate the peculiar smell of the soil, prevent the breeding of mosquitoes in summer, and increase the ornamental value of potted plants.

② Cushion the bottom of the flowerpot:
Using clay pebbles (LECA) to cushion the bottom of the flowerpot can play the role of a hydrophobic layer, which saves soil and breathes air. When potting or changing potted plants, you can first spread a layer of clay pebbles (LECA) on the bottom of the pot, which can not only save nutrient soil, but also prevent the soil from losing from the bottom hole of the pot when watering, and at the same time protect It can prevent water accumulation in the pot and increase the air permeability of the root system.

③ Hydroponic flowers:
When growing hydroponic plants or carrying out soilless cultivation (hydroponics), spread a layer of colored clay pebbles (LECA) on the bottom of the hydroponic container, which can not only fix the root system, increase the oxygen content of the root system, but also purify the water quality, and at the same time let the single water Cultivated plants look more aesthetically pleasing.

④Purification of water quality in fish tanks and grass tanks:
The porous structure of clay pebbles (LECA) honeycomb has a certain degree of adsorption, so it has the function of purifying and stabilizing water quality and can be used as the bottom sand of fish tanks and grass tanks. However, it should be noted that the clay pebbles (LECA) used in the aquarium belongs to clay pebbles (LECA) sand, the particles are relatively small, and the material is heavier than ordinary clay pebbles (LECA), and it will not float on the water surface, but it needs to be cleaned many times before use. of dust.

As a high-quality granular matrix, clay pebbles (LECA) not only exerts its unique advantages in the construction field, but also exerts its waste heat for the gardening family. You can choose the specific particle size and color according to your actual needs.
Suggestion: Use 3-5 mm small particles for paving, 5-8 mm large particles for the bottom of the flowerpot, colored clay pebbles (LECA) for hydroponics, and special clay pebbles (LECA) sand for aquariums. As for growing flowers with soil, it is better to use peat, perlite, and coconut peat. These three most commonly used substrates can be mixed together, so that most of the potted plants can be used universally.

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Clover Industrial2023-06-150 Comments
Clay pebblesConstruction

Advantages of using clay aggregates or ECA in the bathroom

Lightweight expanded clay aggregate

1. Clay aggregates or ECA is light in weight: the thickness of the bathroom with sunken design is generally 400mm-450mm; if the material is heavy, it will cause cracks in the floor, which is not good for waterproofing. The use of clay aggregates or ECA is to take full advantage of its light weight.

Clay aggregates or ECA has moisture absorption

2. clay aggregates or ECA has moisture absorption: There are micro-porous clay aggregates or ECA particles inside the clay aggregates or ECA, which can achieve the effect of moisture absorption, which is undoubtedly beneficial to the environment of the bathroom.

Clay aggregates or ECA is easy to maintain

3. clay aggregates or ECA is easy to maintain: because it is easy to excavate, it is more convenient to construct than filling with other materials during maintenance.

Other characteristics

4. In addition, other characteristics such as strong adsorption and interception ability of clay aggregates or ECA, good physical, chemical and hydraulic properties are all suitable filling materials for the specific environment of the toilet.

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Clover Industrial2023-06-140 Comments
Construction

Advantages and functions of back filling clay aggregates or ECA

Backfill clay aggregates or ECA is used for high-rise building structure concrete, the top roof has good thermal insulation effect, and is packed in woven bags. It can be used in civil engineering construction, preparation of various concrete, roof insulation, moisture-proof insulation of the ground floor of buildings, anti-seepage moisture-proof insulation outside the walls of underground buildings and under the ground, soilless cultivation (hydroponics), sewage filter materials, etc. clay aggregates or ECA is widely used in planted roofs (underground car parks) as a drainage material. Used in high-rise buildings, long-span buildings; soilless cultivation (hydroponics), bridges, sewage treatment, etc. have unique functions

clay aggregates or ECA has:
1. Small density and light weight

2. Heat preservation and heat insulation

3. Good fire resistance

4. Good shock resistance

5. Low water absorption, good frost resistance and durability

6. Excellent impermeability

7. Excellent alkali-aggregate reaction ability

8. Strong adaptability

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Clover Industrial2023-06-140 Comments
Landscaping

Introduction to the classification of artificial turf types

1. Long-haired grass: the length of the grass hair is more than 32 to 50 mm. Generally used in football matches, training and horse racing venues.

2. Medium hair grass: the length of grass hair is from 19 to 32 mm. As a world playing surface for tennis, hockey and lawn bowls. For general training purposes, soccer, volleyball, and even as a track track.

3. Short-haired grass: the length of the grass hair is from 6 to 12 mm. For tennis, basketball, around the pool, or landscaping.

4. Straight hair grass: the price is low. It is suitable for tennis, basketball, running and other sports environments where there are not many opportunities for players to fall and bruise.

5. Curved grass: Because the grass has a zigzag shape and is folded with each other, athletes rarely scratch on the grass, so it is mostly used in football venues.

6. Curly grass: The grass hairs are in the shape of a circle, and they are folded more tightly. It is especially used for lawn bowls or when the ball rolls on the turf. Higher movement. Commonly known as: non-guided turf.

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Clover Industrial2023-06-120 Comments